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Abacus
ABC-Computer (1940)
ABC-Computer Memory Drum
About this Encyclopedia
Acknowledgements Section
Acorn Microcomputers (c1980s)
Acoustic Coupler, Atari (1980s)
Acoustic Coupler
Actronics Coin Bank Calculator (1980s)
Addi Calculator with Printer
Adix Calculator - Germany (1903)
Address List - Publishers, Distributors, Museums
Advantage PC
Albinar handheld calculator (1980)
Alphie II (Learning Toy) (1980's)
Altair-8800 microcomputer (1974)
Altair 680 microcomputer (1975)
Alto computer by Xerox PARC (1973)
Altos 8000 Model 12A Microcomputer (1981)
Amdahl-580-computer
Amstrad 8512 Microcomputer
Amstrad CPC 6128 Microcomputer (1980s)
Amstrad PCP 512 Microcomputers (c1980s)
Amstrad PPC 640 Microcomputer (c1980s)
Analog Computers
Analog Computer: EAI
Analog Computer Kit "Calculo" 1959
Analog Computer Kit (GE) (1961)
Analog Computer: Compumedic (1971)
APFmark84 handheld calculator
Apple I Computer (1975)
Apple IIc (1984)
Apple IIc (another view)
Apple IIc (PowerPack)
Apple IIe Computer (1983)
Apple IIGS Computer (1989)
Apple Lisa (1983)
Apple Macintosh Classic (1990)
Apple PowerMac
Apricot Portable PC (1984)
Apricot F1 Microcomputer
ARMY ADP Manual (1958)
ARPA and the Internet (History)
ASCI Option Red Supercomputer (1998)
Assembler Programming Language Coding Form (1970's)
Atari 2600 Home Computer (1977)
Atari 800 Home Computer Advertisement (1981)
Atari Home Game Catalog
Atom Microcomputer
Automation Exposition Flyer (1956)
BBC Microcomputer 64K
BBC Master Microcomputer 1986
Bendix G15 Computer (1950s)
Bendix G15 Computer -Drum Memory
Bendix G15 Computer - Vacuum Tube Board
Bibliography
Bibliography: Apple Computer
Bibliography: Artificial Intelligence; Cybernetics; Expert Systems
Bibliography: Biographical References
Bibliography: Business Computing Related
Bibliography: DEC VAX; VMS; XWINDOWS
Bibliography: Early Calculators
Bibliography: Historical and Early Computing
Bibliography: IBM, Its Organization, Products & People
Bibliography: Microsoft Corporation; Bill Gates
Bibliography: Misc. Computer Companies and Company Histories
Bibliography: Modern Systems; Business; General Computing
Bibliography: Multimedia and Virtual Reality
Bibliography: Office Automation/Factory Automation
Bibliography: PCs; Microcomputers, Microprocessors
Bibliography: Periodicals & Magazines
Bibliography: Robots and Robotics
Bibliography: Russian Computers
Bibliography: Silicon Valley
Bibliography: Slide Rules
Bibliography: Video Tape Reference Materials
Biographical Information
Blickensderfer Typewriter #5 (1890)
Bombe (U.S. Codebreaking Machine) (1943)
Bletchley Park, UK,(codebreaking during World War II)
Brandt Automatic Cashier (1926)
Brief Timeline
Brunsviga Calculator (1892)
Brunsviga Mechanical Calculator (1910)
Burroughs Adding Machine (1911)
Burroughs Class 3 Adding Machine
Burroughs (Illiac-IV) (1965)
Burroughs 5500 Data Processing Machine (1960s)
Burroughs 6700 Data Processing Machine (1960s)
Burroughs Adding Machine Company
Busicom Calculator (1972)
BYTE Magazine Issue #1 (1975)
BYTE Microcomputer model 8080 (1977)
CADAC Computer (1952)
Calculators
Casio Computer Watch
Casio Pocket Computer
Casio SL-800 Calculator Cad
Cassette Recorder for Home Computers (1983)
CDC-1604 Computer Manual (1959)
CDC-6600 Computer Console (1964)
Chadwick "Magic Brain" Pocket Mechanical Calculator
Challenger Personal Computers (Ohio Scientific) (c1975-1977)
Charles Babbage
Charles Babbage Institute
Chess Playing Computers
Chess Computer (Toytronics)
Chieftain PC (1979)
Chips (Computer Chips)
Chip: RAM Chip by Four Phase
Chronology of Early Television Technology
Chronology of Languages, Operating Systems, Major Programs
Chronology: Firsts in Computing
Chronology: Master Chronology
Chronology: Software Chronology
Claude Shannon
Codebreaking Computers (Wartime, see Bletchley Park, UK)
Collecting Vintage Computers (article)
Colmar Arithmometer Mechanical Adding Machine (1870)
Columbia Data Products PC (1983)
Commodore PET Computer (1977)
Commodore VIC 20 (1981)
Commodore 64 Computer (1982)
Commodore SX-64 Portable PC (1984)
Commodore 64C Personal Computer (c1987)
Commodore 128 Personal Computer (1985)
Commodore 128 Personal Computer System Disks (1985)
Commodore 885D handheld calculator
Commodore 996R handheld calculator
Commodore CG986R handheld calculator
Comp IV Computer Game (1977)
Company Profiles
Compaq LTE Laptop
Compaq PC Model 5528 (1995)
Compaq Portable (1982)
Compaq III Portable (Lunchbox style)
Compumatic Football Computer Game
Comptometer ("Biography of a Machine") Special Section
Comptometer Adding Machine (1920)
Compumedic Analog Computer (1971)
Computer Processing Speed
Computers Types by Physical Size
Copyright and Trademark Information
Core Memory (UNIVAC) (1950's)
Core Memory (UNIVAC III)
Core Memory: 1960's
Core Memory: Data General Nova (1972)
Corona PC (1982)
Corvus 415 handheld calculator
Counting: Evolution
CP/M Operating System
CPU Chips
Cray-1 SuperComputer (1976)
Creative Computing magazine (1976)
CRT: Osborne I
CRT: Williams Tube Memory
CSIRAC (Australia) (1949)
Dalton Adding Machine (1920s)
Data General One Computer
DATAmatic 1000 at Baltimore & Ohio Railroad
DATAmatic 1000 Large Scale Data Processing System (1955)
Datatron Computer Console (1953) by Electrodata
Dave Packard
DEC PDP-1 Minicomputer (1960)
DEC PDP-12 (1969)
DEC PDP-8 (1964)
DECmate II Microcomputer
Dedicated Word Processors
Differential Analyzer (Bush) (1931)
Digicomp Computer Kit (1963)
Disk Pack Storage Media (1988)
Disk Platter by Nashua
Disk Storage Media Compared
Disk Platter Data Storage (Wang 1988)
Disk Platter Data Storage (IBM 1301) (1962)
Dive (SCUBA) Computers
Donkey Kong Game Unit (1982)
Dr. Vannevar Bush
Dragon 32 Microcomputer (1982)
Drum Memory - Bendix G15 (1950s)
Drum Memory Unit -VRC - 1967)
Dynabyte Control Computer (1980)
EAI Analog Computer (1964)
Early Large Computers by Square Footage
Early Transistorized Computers
Early Voice/Music Recording Media (1890)
Edmund Scientific handheld calculator
EDVAC Computer (1952)
Electric Card Sorting Machine (1920)
Electromechanical Relay (1950)
ELECTRONIKA BK 0011M Russian Personal Computer (1991)
ENIAC Computer Photos - Volume I (circa 1946)
ENIAC Computer Photos - Volume II (circa 1946)
Enigma Cypher Machine (Germany) (1940)
Enterprex SR55 handheld calculator
Equinox 100 Microcomputer (c1978)
ETC PC (1976)
Eurocom-1 Single Board Computer 6501 processor (ELTEC Germany)
Evolution of Counting
Exidy PC (1980)
Expansion Card
Facit Handheld Printing Calculator (circa 1980)
File Extensions and Symbols Reference
Firsts in Computing
Five Generations of Computers
Floppy Diskette Brands
Floppy Diskette Types
Franklin ACE Microcomputers (1980s)
Franklin ACE 2200
Franklin ACE 500
Franklin 8000
Future Hand-Held Computers?
GameBoy Color (by Nintendo) (1999)
Gamma-3 Computer (1952)
GE Flip-Flop Boards (1958)
GEM Adding Machine (c1907)
Geniac Computer Kit (1955)
George Stibitz
George Westinghouse
Getronics (Wang/Bull) History
Giant Brains
Giant Computers Before 1956
Glossary
Gottfried Wilhelm Von Leibniz
Grace Hopper
Graphic Typewriter (1895)
Handheld calculator sizes: Then-and-now, comparison
HandHeld Calculators
Harvard Mark 1 (aka IBM ASCC) (1944)
HEATH DOS
Heathkit DEC H-11 (Zenith Data Systems)
Heath-Zenith 89 from Kit (1980s)
Herman Hollerith
HEWLETT-PACKARD 32E Handheld Calculator (1978)
HEWLETT-PACKARD 35 - First Scientific Handheld Calculator (1972)
HEWLETT-PACKARD 35 Manual
HEWLETT-PACKARD 85a PC (1981)
HEWLETT-PACKARD 751 PC (2002) 1.8 Ghz
HEWLETT-PACKARD 771 PC (2002) 2.0 Ghz
History of the Comptometer adding machines
Hitachi External CD ROM Drive (1991)
Hollerith Punched Card Tabulator (1890)
Honeywell Chronology
Honeywell 400 Mainframe Computer System (1964)
Honeywell-Bull DPS 7000 Computer System
Howard Aiken
IBM Model 29 Card Punch (Manual & Cards)
IBM 1401 Computer (1959)
IBM 305 RAMAC Computer (1956)
IBM 3274-41C Controller (c1989)
IBM 3380 DASD (1980s)
IBM 3390-2 Storage Control Units (1989)
IBM 604 Calculator, Pluggable Unit (1948)
IBM 604 Computer Assembly Line
IBM 650 Computer (1953)
IBM 701 Computer (1952)
IBM 704 Computer (1953)
IBM 705 Computer (1954)
IBM 705 Operating Manual
IBM 709 Computer (1957)
IBM 709 Operating Manual
IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (1944)
IBM 1301 Disk Platter (1962)
IBM Building (circa 1911)
IBM Company Information
IBM Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (1920)
IBM Mainframe Microprocessor Chip (1986)
IBM Personal Computer (History and Photo) (1982)
IBM 4361 Memory Card
IBM 4381 P13 Processor (c1985)
IBM Programming Advertisement (1957)
IBM Punched Cards
IBM Card Punch Machine Model 526
IBM System/3 Minicomputer (1970)
IBM Vacuum Tube (1950's)
IBM: Brief Chronology
IBM's first microcomputer model 5100 (1975)
IBM Portable PC (1984)
IBM Convertible PC (1986)
IBM Portable PS/2 Model 8573 (1988)
IBM PC Junior
IBM-System/360 (1964)
IBM 9121 Central Processor (c1991)
IBM TCM from 9121 Mainframe (1990s)
IBM MCM from 4381 Mainframe (1980s)
IBM Portable PS70 (c1994)
ICOM Attache Personal Computer (1978)
Illiac IV (Burroughs and Univ. of Illinois)(1965)
IMP-16C Single Board Computer (National Semiconductor)(c1973)
IMSAI 8080 Microcomputer (1975)
Individuals: Computer Pioneers, Scientists, Entrepreneurs
InfoTester Modem Line Speed Analyser
Intel 80386 Microprocessor Chip (1986)
Intel 80586 Microprocessor Chip (1993)
Intel Corporation Microprocessors
INTEL IPSC Computer
Intellec 8 Microcomputer (1972)
Interdata Model 3 Control Computer (1967)
Internet History: ARPA History
Interton VC 4000 Computer Game
J. Presper Eckert
Jacquard's Punched Card Loom (1801)
John Henry Patterson
John Mauchly
John Napier
John V. Atanasoff
John Von Neumann
Joystick for an Apple IIc (1977)
Joystick for an IBM PC compatible (1982)
Jupiter II Microcomputer (1975)
Jupiter ACE Microcomputer
Kaypro Personal Computers (1980's)
Kaypro Personal Computer (1982)
Kilobaud Microcomputing Magazine Issue #1 (1977)
KIM-1 Microcomputer board (1976)
Konrad Zuse
Learning Window computer toy (1985)
Legal and Copyright Information
Leibniz Wheel (1671)
LEO Computers (UK) (1950's)
Lexitron VT 1303 Dedicated Word Processing Machine (1978)
Lightning Adding Machine (1908)
Lisa (Apple Computer) (1983)
Listing Totaling Machine (circa. 1920's)
Litronix handheld calculator (1973)
Little Professor handheld calculator (1981)
Litton Automated Business Machine (1960s)
Lloyds Accumatic handheld calculator model 30
Lloyds Accumatic handheld calculator model 500 (mid 1970's)
Loga Calculator (1920)
Lotus Development Corporation
Lynx Microcomputer
Macintosh Computer (1984)
MADDIDA engineering computer by Northrop Aircraft (1952)
Magnetic Disk: Comparisons
Magnetic Disk: Diskette Brands
Magnetic Disk: Diskette Types
Magnetic Disk: Floppy Disks
Magnetic Disk: Wang
Magnetic Tape Units: Midwestern
Magnetic Tape Units: Potter
Magnetic Tape Units: UNIVAC
Magnetic Tapes: UNIVAC
Magnetic Tape - GE - (1962)
Mainframe Console: Electrodata
Mainframe CPU Chip
Mainframe: Datamatic 1000
Mainframe: IBM 360
Marchant calculator (1920)
Master Address List - Publishers, Distributors, Museums
Master Chronology of Events
Mattel Aquarius Computer System (c1980s)
Mattel Computer Gin Game (1979)
Mattel Computer Gin Game (1979)
Mattel Discovery System computer toy (1980)
Memory (CORE Memory UNIVAC)
Merlin Computer Game (1978)
Mickey Mouse calculator (1980s)
MicroAce (1980)
Microcom Modem 1200 baud (external view)
Microcom Modem 1200 baud (internal view)
Microcomputer Photos
Microprocessor Chip (Intel 4004) (1969)
Microprocessor Chip (Intel 8008) (1972)
Microprocessor Chip (Intel 8080A) (1974)
Microprocessor Chip (Intel 8088) (1981)
Microprocessor Chip (Intel 80286) (1982)
Microprocessor Chip (Intel 80386) (1985)
Microprocessor Chip (Intel 80486) (1989)
Microprocessor Chip (Intel 80586) (1993)
Microprocessor Chip (RCA 1802) (1974)
Microprocessor Chip (Rockwell R6511)
Microprocessor Chip (TMS 1000) (1972)
Microprocessor Chip (Z80A) in Osborne PC
Microprocessor Mainframe CPU
Microprocessor Chip (Motorola 6809) (c1978)
Microchip (Intel P1103 DRAM) (c1969)
Microchip (Intel 1702 EPROM)
Microchip (Intel P4001 ROM)
Microprocessor History
Microprocessor Table: Intel
Microprocessor: Mainframe
Microprocesor - IBM-Made 386 Chip
Micro-Professor Microcomputer (1982)
Minicomputer Console: DEC PDP 12
Minicomputer Console: DEC PDP 8
Minivac 601 Digital Computer Kit (Claude Shannon) (1961)
MIT: TX-0
Montgomery Ward P10 handheld calculator (1974)
Morrow Design (Morrow Decision Microcomputers) (1980s)
Motherboard - Osborne PC 1982
Motor Generator (Liebert 1970s)
Motorola Large Scale Computer (c1994)
MS DOS and PC DOS
MSX Microcomputer Technology
MTX 500 Microcomputer
Multitec HPC microcomputer (1983)
National Semiconductor handheld calculator 600 (1973)
Navigational Computer (manual paper wheel) 1934
NCR Electric Calculator (1940s)
NCR 304 - First All Solid State Business Computer (1957)
NCR 1102 Computer
Newbrain Microcomputer
NEXT Computers
Nintendo 64 Video Game System (c1997)
Nixdorf Computer
North Star Horizon Microcomputer (c1978)
Novus 850 Calculator (1970s)
Odhner Arithmometer (1886)
Odyssey 2 home computer by Magnavox (1980)
Operating Systems
Operating Systems: CPM
Operating Systems: DOS
Operating Systems: TRS DOS
Organizational Abbreviations & Acronyms
ORIC-1 Personal Computer (1983)
Osborne 1 (view 6)
Osborne 1 (views 2 and 3)
Osborne 1 (views 4 and 5)
Osborne 1 Portable PC (1981)
Osborne Executive Portable Computer (1983)
Osborne I and Osborne Executive Compared
Osborne I Cathode Ray Tube assembly "CRT" (1981)
Osborne Portable Computer - Floppy Disk Drives (1981)
Pac-Man Staying Power
Palm Pilot V (1999)
Paper Tape (Punched Paper Tape Program) Bendix G-15
Paper Tape (1964)
Pascalline calculator (1642)
PC Computing Power Growth
Pentium Chip (Intel)
People
People Gallery: Pioneers, Scientists, Entrepreneurs
Personal Computer: Advent of Personal Computing
Personal Computers: See Microcomputer Photos
Philips Videopac Computer Game
Photo Copyright and Credit Information
Photo Copyright Information
Playskool Computer Toy (1972)
Polymorphic 8813 Computer System (1978)
Pong Game Unit
Powers Company Plain Sorter (1920's)
Prehistory of UNISYS
Programming - Assembler Language Coding Form (1970's)
Programming Languages - Chronology
Punched Card Annual (1957)
Punched Cards - - - UNIVAC - - - IBM
Punch Card Machine (IBM)
Punch Cards - Monroe (1971)
Punched Paper Tape
Punched Paper Tape Diagram (1964)
Punched Tape device (GE Computer 1969)
Quiz: Test Your Computer History Knowledge
Quiz: (Answers)
Radio Shack EC 226 handheld calculator
RCA Bizmac (c1951)
RCA Spectra 70 Data Processing System (1966)
Regina 7 Manual Calculator (Germany)
Remington Rand 406-2 Electronic Calculator (1950)
Remington Rand Adding Machine (1930s)
Robik - Russian Personal Computer (1991)
Rockwell 10R handheld calculator
Rockwell 24K pocket calculator
Russian Electrical and Electronic Components (Misc.) (1970s-1980s)
SC44 handheld calculator
SCELBI Microcomputer (1974)
Scheutz Calculating Machine (1843)
Scheutz Calculating Machine (1855)
Schickard's Machine (1623)
Scientific American magazine (1902)
Scientific Data Systems (SDS) 900 Computer
Schubert Calculator (1950s)
SEAC (National Bureau of Standards computer - 1950)
Sears SLC89 handheld calculator
Security Abbreviations & Acronyms
Sega Computers
SEKON (Apple Clone) microcomputer
Seidel & Naumann Calculator, Dresden, Germany 1910
Shakey the Robot - SRI (1968)
Sharp 1270 Computer (c1980s)
Silicon
Simon Cellular Phone/PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) (1994)
Sinclair Microcomputers
Sinclair ZX Spectrum 128 (1986)
Slide Rules (1970s)
Software List
SOL 20 Personal Computer (Processor Technology - 1976)
Sony Computers
Space Invader Handheld Game (1981)
Spectravideo Microcomputers (1983+)
Sperry Flight Computer
Sperry Remington 665 Handheld Calculator (1972)
Sperry Remington SSR8 Handheld Calculator (1975)
Square Footage: Computers by Size
Star Trek
Star Trek Software for the Commodore 64 & 128 (1988)
Stima Calculator - Switzerland (1930)
Storage, Core Storage (Core Memory)
SuperBrain by Intertec (1979)
Supercomputer - ASCI - Option Red (circa 1998)
Supercomputer: CDC 6600
Surface Mount Tech.Abbreviations
SWAC (National Bureau of Standards computer - 1950)
SWTPC microcomputer (1975)
Synertek SYM-1 6502
Table of Contents
Talkatron (Learning Computer) (1985)
Tandy 102 Personal Computer (c1980s)
Tandy 1000 (Radio Shack) microcomputer (1980)
Tandy Computer Cassette Program
Tandy 1400 FD Laptop
Tandy Color Game Cartridge (1984)
Tandy Computer Cassette Program
Tape Drive Unit - Midwestern Digital Model M4000 (1967)
Tape Drive Unit - Potter SC-1080 (1967)
TDC Mark III (Torpedo Data Computer, on Pampanito Submarine)
Teal 817 handheld calculator
Telcon Zorba Portable Computer (1983)
Thatcher Calculator (1881)
Thinkatron Toy (1960s)
Thomas Watson Jr. and Thomas Watson Sr.
Thomas Watson, Jr.
Thomas Watson, Sr.
TI "Mr. Challenger" handheld computer game (1978)
TI 1200 handheld calculator (1975)
TI CC40 (Compact Computer 40) (1983)
TIM (early) mechanical calculator
TIM Calculator - Berlin, Germany 1907
Timex Sinclair 1000 Microcomputer (1982)
Title Page
Tomy Micro Caveman Computer Game
Tomy Tutor microcomputer (1980)
Tomy Tutor toy computer (1980)
Toshiba Dynapad T100X (1992)
Toshiba Laptops (1980's)
Toshiba HX-10 Home Computer
Toy Computers
Transistor: Invention of
Transistorized Computers
Transistors: Early Examples
Transistorized Computers: MIT TX-0
Transistorized Computers: NCR 304
Transistors
Transistors: A Milestone in Computing
Transistors: Vacuum Tubes and Transistors
TRS-80 Model II
TRSDOS
Tube Testers (Vacuum Tube Test Equipment)
TX-0 Computer (1953)
Typewriter - Blickensderfer #5 (1890)
Typewriter Remington Sperry Rand (1960)
Uniservo Tape Device (1950s)
Unisonic Calculators (circa 1974)
UNISYS
UNISYS - History
UNISYS Mainframe (example) (c1990)
UNISYS Printer & Tape Drive (for mainframe) (1990s)
Unitrex 91M handheld calculator
UNIVAC 1 - (Grace Hopper) (1957)
UNIVAC 1 - At the Census Bureau (1951)
UNIVAC 1 - Full View - A (1951)
UNIVAC 1 - Full View - B (1951)
UNIVAC -1 Tape Units (1951)
UNIVAC 1107 (1961)
UNIVAC 9200 (1966)
UNIVAC Circuit Boards (1950's)
UNIVAC Core Memory (1950's)
UNIVAC Digital Recording Tape (1950's)
UNIVAC File Computer Advertisement (1956)
UNIVAC Punched Cards (1950's)
UNIVAC Punched Paper Tape (1950's)
UNIVAC Resistor Board (1950's)
UNIVAC Solid State 80 (manual) (1959)
UNIVAC Small Diode Board (1950's)
UNIVAC Tube Board (1950's)
UNIVAC Vacuum Tube (1950's)
UNIVAC 1103A Scientific Computer (manual) (1958)
UNIVAC II Data Automation System (manual) (1957)
Updates
Vacuum Tube Chronology of Development
Vacuum Tube - GE
Vacuum Tubes (IBM Pluggable Gangcircuit) (1951)
Vacuum Tubes (IBM)
Vacuum Tubes and Transistors
Vacuum Tube Plug In Board - Bendix G15 (1950s)
Vacuum Tubes: ENIAC
Vacuum Tubes: UNIVAC
Vacuum Tubes: Vacuum Tube Based Computers
Vacuum Tube Decimal Counter (1963-1964)
Vicmodem cartridge (1980s)
Victor Adding Machine (circa 1939)
Video Display Tube: Osborne 1
Vintage Computer Collecting (article)
Vintage Computer Newsletter (Classic Tech Online) info
Voice Messenger Speech 64 for the Commodore 64 (1984)
Wang (Getronics) History
Wang VS 100 Minicomputer (circa 1980)
Wartime Computing (See Bletchley Park, UK)
Watson, Thomas J., Senior - THINK slogan
Welcome Page
What is it?
What is it? (No. 2)
What is it? (No. 3)
Whirlwind (MIT) computer (1949)
William Hewlett
William S. Burroughs
Williams Tube
Williams Tube Memory (1950s)
Word Processors: Dedicated Systems
Xerox Alto microcomputer (1973)
Xerox 820-II PC (1984)
Z3 Computer (1939)
Zenith Laptop Computers
ZX Spectrum - Russian Personal Computer (1993)
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1956 Summary of Computers Installed and On Order
1960's and Beyond: The Advent of Personal Computing
8 Inch Floppy Disk |
